Journal of Diabetes Research and Management

ABSTRACT

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic condition characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to the body's inability to produce sufficient insulin or effectively utilize the insulin produced [1,2]. The prevalence and incidence of DM are increasing globally. In 2024, approximately 588.7 million individuals worldwide were living with DM, and projections indicate that this number could rise to 852.5 million individuals aged 20 to 79 years by 2050 if current trends continue [3]. A survey conducted in South Africa revealed a prevalence of pre-diabetes and DM at 67% and 22%, respectively [4]. Among those who had never been tested for DM prior to the survey, 10% of females and 6% of males were found to have pre-diabetes, with 67% of both males and females exhibiting pre-diabetic conditions [4]. The International Diabetes Federation IDF emphasizes that pre-diabetes predisposes young individuals to a high risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), underscoring DM as one of the fastest-growing global health emergencies.

Article History

Received 02 June 2025; Revised 13 June 2025; Accepted 16 June 2025

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